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CO _ PDI2035 _ surface - insitu _ VNMHA _ data1

 Data Policy

GAW Data Policy
"For Scientific purposes, access to these data is unlimited and provided without charge. By their use you accept that an offer of co-authorship will be made through personal contact with the data providers or owners whenever substantial use is made of their data. In all cases, an acknowledgement must be made to the data providers or owners and to the data centre when these data are used within a publication."

 Version

 2025-01-01-0051 (Last updated: 2024-12-24)

 File

This data set is submitted by VNMHA.

DL Gas Species Station/Mobile Organization Type Period Filename Size Plot
CO Pha Din VNMHA hourly 2014-01-01 00:00:00 - 2022-12-31 23:00:00 co_pdi2035_surface-insitu_51_9999-9999_hourly (Text: 11.79MB ; NetCDF: 18.98MB ) png
CO Pha Din VNMHA daily 2014-01-01 00:00:00 - 2022-12-31 00:00:00 co_pdi2035_surface-insitu_51_9999-9999_daily (Text: 0.51MB ; NetCDF: 0.81MB ) png
CO Pha Din VNMHA monthly 2014-01-01 00:00:00 - 2022-12-01 00:00:00 co_pdi2035_surface-insitu_51_9999-9999_monthly (Text: 0.03MB ; NetCDF: 0.05MB ) png

Text NetCDF

Download Data Files:


In line with the GAW Data Policy, users should contact the contributors of all data of interest and propose co-authorship or acknowledgement.


 Organization

NO 51
Acronym VNMHA
Name Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration
Address 1
Address 2
Address 3 No. 8 Phao Dai Lang street 100000 Ha Noi Viet Nam
Country/Territory Viet Nam
Website http://vnmha.gov.vn/

 Contact(s)

Name Martin Steinbacher
Prefix Dr.
Email martin.steinbacher@empa.ch
Organization No 23
Organization acronym Empa
Organization name Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
Organization country/territory Switzerland
Address 1 Ueberlandstrasse 129
Address 2 CH-8600 Duebendorf
Address 3 Switzerland
Country/territory Switzerland
Tel +41 58 765 4048
Fax
Last updated date 2025-06-24


Name Nguyen Nhat Anh
Prefix
Email anhnnhn@gmail.com
Organization No 51
Organization acronym VNMHA
Organization name Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration
Organization country/territory Viet Nam
Address 1 No. 8 Phao Dai Lang street
Address 2 100000 Ha Noi
Address 3 Viet Nam
Country/territory Viet Nam
Tel +84905881618
Fax
Last updated date 2023-08-22


NO 23
Acronym Empa
Name Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
 Monitoring background conditions, and the influence of air pollution
 UTC
 ppb
 9999-12-31 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: WMO CO X2014A
 9999-12-31 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: Picarro Inc., G2401, S/N CFKADS2028(CRDS)
 9999-12-31 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: 12 (m)
 1 second
 The analyzer is regularly calibrated with four reference gases. All assigned mole fractions were initially reported on the WMO CO X2004 scale. In July 2021, all data were reprocessed and were (re-)submitted on the WMO X2014A scale. Data 2020 and onwards were directly processed using the nomla values of the reference tanks on the X2014A scale, earlier data were converted applying the equation X2014A = 1.01861 * X2004 - 3.70995 based on the CCL (NOAA GML) assignments of the reference tanks on the old and the new scale. Four calibration tanks are measured every 3 to 6 days. Two of them are tanks purchased from and pre-pared by the GAW Central Calibration Laboratory for CO (NOAA ESRL). The other two calibration gas-es are prepared by Empa (Switzerland) and their mole fractions were determined by the GAW World Calibration Centre for CH4, CO2, CO and surface O3 (WCC-Empa). WCC-Empa also assigned the mole fractions of an additional target cylinders that is measured every 25 hours for quality control.
 Quality assurance procedures involve time series plots, target tank (i.e. cylinders containing natural air with assigned gas mole fractions that are treated as (unknown) sample in a sequence of analyses) measurements, evaluation of the evolution of the instrument sensitivity, and consistency checks. The measurements were made in humid air, and a water vapour correction was applied.
 [Hourly] high-resolution data are aggregated to 1min averages before hourly averages are calculated. Thus, ND (the number of detections) refers to the number of available 1min averages within the respective hour. A minimum of 20 1-min averages needs to be available to calculate hourly averages; otherwise, hourly data are reported as not available.
 [Daily] hourly averages are aggregated to daily means. Thus, ND (the number of detections) refers to the number of available hourly averages within the respective day. A minimum of 8 hourly averages needs to be available to calculate daily averages; otherwise, daily data are reported as not available.
 [Monthly] daily data are aggregated to monthly means. Thus, ND (the number of detections) refers to the number of available daily averages within the respective month. A minimum of 10 daily averages needs to be available to calculate monthly averages; otherwise, monthly data are reported as not available.
 
 Operational/Reporting
 Pha Din is located on a hill in north-western rural Viet Nam above the surrounding forests.
Population: No residents at the station except for the custodians. No relevant residential areas within 10-20 km, except for sparse individual farm houses. The closest farm house is located in 1 km distance in NE direction.
Land cover: Mountain hill area covered with forest. The station itself is above the canopy.
Possible influence of local and regional emissions: Occasional corn plant burning in March and April. Staff housing (gas cooking, electrical heating, occasional trash burning) is at the station. No coal power plants and other industrial activities in the region.
Prevailing wind directions: NE in winter and SW in summer.
Temperature: 25-30 ºC in summer and down to 3 ºC in winter. No snow or ice in winter.
Rainfall and humidity: The site is in clouds a considerable fraction of the year with a correspondingly high relative humidity all year long.
Access: Pha Din is reachable all year long via a paved mountain road (8 h by car from Ha Noi city via Son La). After heavy rainfalls the roads may be blocked due to landslides.
Facilities: The station represents a Level 3 NHMS meteorological station since September 2011 provid-ing manual readings every 6 hours for wind and wind speed. The laboratory building provides air-conditioned laboratory space and also basic accommodation for station operators and guest research-ers. The station is permanently occupied with 3 staff persons.

CO observations are performed with a commercially available instrument (Picarro Inc., G2401) based on the Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy technique coupled to a custom-built calibration unit. Along with CO, the instrument is also capable to measure CO2, CH4 and H2O. Thus, the CO data can be corrected for interferences of water vapor. Therefore, no drying is applied prior to analysis and CO dry air mole fractions are determined by application of an empirical humidity correction to analysis data of the fully unaltered humid gas stream accounting dilution and pressure broadening effects.
tubing material: Dekabon/Synflex 1/4" OD; total inlet length approx. 21m; flow rate into lab: 5 lpm; no drying prior to analysis; dry air mole fractions are determined by applying an empirical humidity correction (see below).

Installation and operation were supported by the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss through the project Capacity Building and Twinning for Climate Observing Systems (CATCOS) between the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and MeteoSwiss. Since the end of the CATCOS programme in March 2017 and minor follow-up support through the GCOS Trust Fund until March 2021, Swiss support is mainly ensured through the Quality Assurance / Science Activity Centre Switzerland (QA/SAC-CH), supported by MeteoSwiss and run by Empa.
 Wind direction:
 Wind speed:
 Relative humidity:
 Precipitation amount:
 Air pressure:
 Air temperature:
 Dew point temperature:
 Sea water temperature:
 Sea surface water temperature:
 Sea water salinity:
 Sea surface water salinity:
Meteorological data may remain as first provided, even when greenhouse gas data are updated.
 

 DOI Metadata

DOI
co_pdi2035_surface-insitu_51_9999-9999_hourly.nc 10.50849/WDCGG_0051-2035-3001-01-01-9999
co_pdi2035_surface-insitu_51_9999-9999_hourly.txt 10.50849/WDCGG_0051-2035-3001-01-01-9999
co_pdi2035_surface-insitu_51_9999-9999_daily.nc 10.50849/WDCGG_0051-2035-3001-01-01-9999
co_pdi2035_surface-insitu_51_9999-9999_daily.txt 10.50849/WDCGG_0051-2035-3001-01-01-9999
co_pdi2035_surface-insitu_51_9999-9999_monthly.nc 10.50849/WDCGG_0051-2035-3001-01-01-9999
co_pdi2035_surface-insitu_51_9999-9999_monthly.txt 10.50849/WDCGG_0051-2035-3001-01-01-9999
Version 2025-01-01-0051 (Data Version History)
* DOIs and file names may have multiple versions. Be sure to check the data version.
Title Atmospheric CO at Pha Din by Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration, dataset published as CO_PDI2035_surface-insitu_VNMHA_data1 at WDCGG
Creator Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration
Martin Steinbacher (Empa)
Nguyen Nhat Anh (Empa)
Publisher World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases
Publication Date 2018-07-20 (Last Updated: 2024-12-24)
Format Text (WDCGG Data Format Table, WDCGG Meteorological Data Format Table), NetCDF
Relation List (Is Part Of) All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2024-09-24
All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2023-09-13
All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2022-09-05
All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2021-08-27
All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2020-09-28
All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2019-09-19
All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2018-10-25
Geolocation Point
Latitude (north: +; south: -) 21.5731
Longitude (east: +; west: -) 103.5157

 GAW Data Policy

"For Scientific purposes, access to these data is unlimited and provided without charge. By their use you accept that an offer of co-authorship will be made through personal contact with the data providers or owners whenever substantial use is made of their data. In all cases, an acknowledgement must be made to the data providers or owners and to the data centre when these data are used within a publication."

 Citation format

This format is an example of the WDCGG standard citation.
Please follow the citation format which the data providers or owners indicate.
Martin Steinbacher (Empa), Nguyen Nhat Anh (VNMHA), Atmospheric CO at Pha Din by Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration , dataset published as CO_PDI2035_ surface-insitu_VNMHA_data1 at WDCGG, ver. 2025-01-01-0051, https://doi.org/10.50849/WDCGG_0051-2035-3001-01-01-9999 (Reference date*: YYYY/MM/DD)

* As the reference date, please indicate the date you downloaded the files.

 Reference(s)

1  For a short summary see Trinh Lan Phuong and Duong Hoang Long, Greenhouse gases measurements in Viet Nam, in Asia-Pacific GAW on Greenhouse Gases Newsletter vol 5, 33 - 38, 2014. available at http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/documents/The_5th_Asia_Pacifi_Newsletter_on_Greenhouse_Gases.pdf.
2  CO data for the 2014 to 2018 period are presented in
Bukowiecki N., M. Steinbacher, S. Henne, N. A. Ngyuen, X. A. Ngyuen, A. L. Hoang, D. L. Ngyuen, L. H. Duong, G. Engling, G. Wehrle, M. Gysel-Beer, U. Baltensperger, 2019. Effect of Large-scale Biomass Burning on Aerosol Optical Properties at the GAW Regional Station Pha Din, Vietnam, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 19 1172–1187, doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2018.11.0406.
3  Some data are also presented in
Nguyen D.-L., H. Czech, S. M. Pieber, J. Schnelle-Kreis, M. Steinbacher, J. Orasche, S. Henne, O. B. Popovicheva, G. Abbaszade, G. Engling, N. Bukowiecki, N.-A. Nguyen, X.-A. Nguyen, R. Zimmermann, 2021. Carbonaceous aerosol composition in air masses influenced by large-scale biomass burning: a case-study in Northwestern Vietnam, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21 8293–8312, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8293-2021.
4  Pieber S. M., S. Henne, N. A. Ngyuen, D. L. Ngyuen, M. Steinbacher, 2023, Trace gases and air quality in Northwestern Vietnam during recurrent biomass burning on the Indochina Peninsula since 2014 – Field Observations and Atmospheric Simulations, In Vegetation Fires and Pollution in Asia, edited by K. P. Vadrevu, T. Ohara and C. Justice, pp. 545-558. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29916-2 .