In line with the GAW Data Policy, users should contact the contributors of all data of interest and propose co-authorship or acknowledgement.
Organization
| NO | 16 |
|---|---|
| Acronym | CSIRO |
| Name | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| Address 1 | CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions |
| Address 2 | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) |
| Address 3 | Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic, Australia 3195 |
| Country/Territory | Australia |
| Website | https://research.csiro.au/acc/ |
Contact(s)
| Name | Paul Krummel |
|---|---|
| Prefix | Mr. |
| paul.krummel@csiro.au | |
| Organization No | 16 |
| Organization acronym | CSIRO |
| Organization name | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| Organization country/territory | Australia |
| Address 1 | CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions |
| Address 2 | 107-121 Station Street Aspendale |
| Address 3 | Victoria, 3195 Australia |
| Country/territory | Australia |
| Tel | (+613) 9239 4568 |
| Fax | (+613) 9239 4444 |
| Last updated date | 2024-08-13 |
| Name | Elise Guerette |
|---|---|
| Prefix | |
| elise-andree.guerette@csiro.au | |
| Organization No | 16 |
| Organization acronym | CSIRO |
| Organization name | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| Organization country/territory | Australia |
| Address 1 | CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions |
| Address 2 | 107-121 Station Street Aspendale |
| Address 3 | Victoria, 3195 Australia |
| Country/territory | Australia |
| Tel | (+613) 9239 4484 |
| Fax | (+613) 9239 4444 |
| Last updated date | 2024-07-02 |
| Name | Ray Langenfelds |
|---|---|
| Prefix | Dr. |
| ray.langenfelds@csiro.au | |
| Organization No | 16 |
| Organization acronym | CSIRO |
| Organization name | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| Organization country/territory | Australia |
| Address 1 | CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions |
| Address 2 | 107-121 Station Street Aspendale |
| Address 3 | Victoria, 3195 Australia |
| Country/territory | Australia |
| Tel | (+613) 9239 4598 |
| Fax | (+613) 9239 4444 |
| Last updated date | 2024-08-13 |
| Name | Zoë Loh |
|---|---|
| Prefix | Dr. |
| zoe.loh@csiro.au | |
| Organization No | 16 |
| Organization acronym | CSIRO |
| Organization name | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| Organization country/territory | Australia |
| Address 1 | CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions |
| Address 2 | 107-121 Station Street Aspendale |
| Address 3 | Victoria, 3195 Australia |
| Country/territory | Australia |
| Tel | (+613) 9239 4518 |
| Fax | (+613) 9239 4444 |
| Last updated date | 2024-07-02 |
| Background observation | |
| UTC | |
| ppb | |
|
9999-12-31 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: CSIRO-2020 |
|
|
9999-12-31 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: Trace Analytical gas chromatograph(Gas chromatography (RGD)) |
|
|
9999-12-31 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: 38 (m) |
|
| event | |
| Data are reported in the CSIRO2020 CO scale, which is related to the previously used CSIRO1994 CO scale by a constant factor of 1.03 (i.e. CSIRO2020 is higher than CSIRO1994 by exactly 3%). The CSIRO2020 scale is maintained using ~20 high-pressure cylinder standards, spanning a CO range of ~29–487 ppb. The long-term stability and internal consistency (i.e. relative mole fraction across the calibrated range) are defined by CSIRO’s internal calibration systems and are fully independent of the WMO X2014A scale. However, the absolute level of the CSIRO2020 scale is aligned with the WMO X2014A CO scale on the basis of NOAA measurements of 8 of CSIRO’s standards in 2015/16. Preliminary assessment of these data suggests the scales are consistent to within +/- 1 ppb over the calibrated range of the CSIRO scale. | |
| Flask data are assigned flags to indicate whether they are classified as retained or rejected. Cause of rejection falls into three broad categories: (i) the sample is considered to be not representative of the atmosphere at the time and place of sampling due to identified or inferred sampling or analytical problems (eg. sample contamination, poor analysis), (ii) the sample is considered to be “non-baseline” as indicated by the meteorological conditions at the time of sampling and (iii) any remaining outliers are flagged on the basis of a 3-sigma filter (geographically fixed sites only). For completeness, all data are included here, regardless of whether they are retained or rejected. Please note that for routine “baseline” applications, any rejected data must be actively excluded from the provided data sets, while for “non-baseline” applications data flagged under categories (ii) and (iii) above may carry biogeochemical information (see DATA FORMAT section below). Also, further data selection may be desirable for those data sets that cannot be screened by the 3-sigma filter (e.g. AIA; aircraft). | |
|
[Hourly] [Daily] [Monthly] Monthly means are calculated as the mean of daily values from a smooth curve fit to the baseline data (with flags "...") using the curve-fitting routines described by Thoning et al., JGR, 1989. The std devs for the monthly means are calculated from the std dev of the monthly mean from the daily smooth curve values and the std dev of the residuals of each data point about the smooth curve for that month. |
|
|
flags: "..." indicates no flags, sample retained. Any entry other than "." in the first flag column indicates the sample is not representative of the time and place of sampling: A = no sample taken B = sample lost before analysis C = identified sampling error D = suspected sampling problem (eg. 2 or more species give anomalous values) E = mixed samples (time/place not unique) N = unacceptable analysis * = no analysis data available H = species-specific manually applied rejection flag I = species-specific sample collection problem J = irretrievable sample storage effect . = not subject to any of the above flags Any entry other than ""."" in the second flag column indicates the sample is non-baseline, rejected only on grounds of being an outlier or is excluded from this data set because of a non-standard sampling technique. F = non-baseline meteorological conditions G = marginal-baseline meteorological conditions K = species-specific non-baseline meteorological conditions L = species-specific marginal-baseline meteorological conditions M = 3 sigma filter rejected O = non-standard sampling technique . = not subject to any of the above flags |
|
| Operational/Reporting | |
| CSIRO GASLAB flask CO data measured by Gas Chromatography (RGD) | |
|
Wind direction: Wind speed: Relative humidity: Precipitation amount: Air pressure: Air temperature: Dew point temperature: Sea water temperature: Sea surface water temperature: Sea water salinity: Sea surface water salinity: |
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Meteorological data may remain as first provided, even when greenhouse gas data are updated. |
DOI Metadata
| DOI |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Version |
2024-07-02-1636 (Data Version History) * DOIs and file names may have multiple versions. Be sure to check the data version. |
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| Title | Atmospheric CO at Mauna Loa (HI) by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, dataset published as CO_MLO_surface-flask_CSIRO_data1 at WDCGG | ||||||||
| Creator |
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Paul Krummel (CSIRO) Elise Guerette (CSIRO) Ray Langenfelds (CSIRO) Zoë Loh (CSIRO) |
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| Publisher | World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases | ||||||||
| Publication Date | 2018-06-18 (Last Updated: 2024-07-19) | ||||||||
| Format | Text (WDCGG Data Format Table, WDCGG Meteorological Data Format Table), NetCDF | ||||||||
| Relation List (Is Part Of) |
All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2024-09-24 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2023-09-13 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2022-09-05 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2021-08-27 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2020-09-28 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2019-09-19 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2018-10-25 |
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GAW Data Policy
"For Scientific purposes, access to these data is unlimited and provided without charge.
By their use you accept that an offer of co-authorship will be made through personal contact with the data providers
or owners whenever substantial use is made of their data.
In all cases, an acknowledgement must be made to the data providers or owners and to the data centre when these data are used within a publication."
Citation format
This format is an example of the WDCGG standard citation.
Please follow the citation format which the data providers or owners indicate.
Please follow the citation format which the data providers or owners indicate.
Paul Krummel (CSIRO),
Elise Guerette (CSIRO),
Ray Langenfelds (CSIRO),
Zoë Loh (CSIRO),
Atmospheric CO
at Mauna Loa (HI) by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
,
dataset published as CO_MLO_
surface-flask_CSIRO_data1 at WDCGG,
ver. 2024-07-02-1636, https://doi.org/10.50849/WDCGG_0016-5002-3001-01-02-9999 (Reference date*: YYYY/MM/DD)
* As the reference date, please indicate the date you downloaded the files.
* As the reference date, please indicate the date you downloaded the files.
Reference(s)
| 1 | Francey, R.J., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, C.E. Allison, L.N. Cooper. B.L. Dunse, B.G. Bell, T.D. Murray, H.S. Tait, L. Thompson and K.A. Masarie. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and its isotopes, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and hydrogen from Shetland. Atmos. Environ., 32, 3331-3338, 1998. |
|---|---|
| 2 | Novelli, P.C., J.W. Elkins and L.P. Steele, The development and evaluation of a gravimetric reference scale for measurements of atmospheric carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 13109-13121, 1991. |
| 3 | Fisher, J. A., S. R. Wilson, G. Zeng, J. E. Williams, L. K. Emmons, R. L. Langenfelds, P. B. Krummel, and L. P. Steele, Seasonal changes in the tropospheric carbon monoxide profile over the remote Southern Hemisphere evaluated using multi-model simulations and aircraft observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3217-3239, doi:10.5194/acp-15-3217-2015, 2015. |
| 4 | Langenfelds, R.L., Studies of the global carbon cycle using atmospheric oxygen and associated tracers, PhD thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, 320 pp., 2002b. |
| 5 | Fraser, P.J., S.A. Coram and N. Derek. Atmospheric methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide by gas chromatography. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1991, edited by A.L. Dick and J.L. Gras, pp 60 - 64, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1994. |
| 6 | Langenfelds, R.L., R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele, P.J. Fraser, S.A. Coram, M.R. Hayes, D.J. Beardsmore, M.P. Lucarelli, and F.R. de Silva, Improved vertical sampling of the trace gas composition of the troposphere above Cape Grim since 1991, in Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1993, edited by R.J. Francey, A.L. Dick and N. Derek, pp 45-56, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1996. |
| 7 | Francey, R.J., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, M.P. Lucarelli, C.E. Allison, D.J. Beardsmore, S.A. Coram, N. Derek, F.R. de Silva, D.M. Etheridge, P.J. Fraser, R.J. Henry, B. Turner, E.D. Welch, D.A. Spencer and L.N. Cooper. Global Atmospheric Sampling Laboratory (GASLAB): supporting and extending the Cape Grim trace gas programs. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1993, edited by R.J. Francey, A.L. Dick and N. Derek, pp 8 - 29, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1996. |
| 8 | Masarie, K.A., R.L. Langenfelds, C.E. Allison, T.J. Conway, E.J. Dlugokencky, R.J. Francey, P.C. Novelli, L.P. Steele, P.P. Tans, B. Vaughn and J.W.C. White, NOAA/CSIRO Flask Air Intercomparison Experiment: A strategy for directly assessing consistency among atmospheric measurements made by independent laboratories, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20445-20464, 2001. |
| 9 | Reichle, H.G.Jr, B.E. Anderson, V.S. Connors, T.C. Denkins, D.A. Forbes, B.G. Gormsen, R.L. Langenfelds, D.O. Neil, S.R. Nolf, P.C. Novelli, N.S. Pougatchev, M.M. Roell, and L.P. Steele. Space shuttle based global CO measurements during April and October 1994, MAPS instrument, data reduction and data validation. J. Geophys Res., 104, D17, 21443-21454, 1999. |
| 10 | Thoning, K.W., P.P. Tans and W.D. Komhyr, Atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory, 2, Analysis of the NOAA/GMCC data, 1974 - 1985, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8549-8565, 1989. |
| 11 | Langenfelds, R.L., L.N. Cooper, L.P. Steele, D.A. Spencer, P.B. Krummel and P.J. Fraser. Atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide from Cape Grim flask air samples analysed by gas chromatography. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1997-98, edited by N.W. Tindale, N. Derek, and R.J. Francey, pp 69 - 74, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 2001a. |
| 12 | Langenfelds, R.L., R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele, D.A. Spencer and B.L. Dunse, Flask sampling from Cape Grim overflights, in Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1997-98, edited by N.W. Tindale, N. Derek and R.J. Francey, pp 74 - 84, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 2001b. |
| 13 | Langenfelds, R.L., R.J. Francey, B.C. Pak, L.P. Steele, J. Lloyd, C.M. Trudinger and C.E. Allison, Interannual growth rate variations of atmospheric CO2 and its δ13C, H2, CH4 and CO between 1992 and 1999 linked to biomass burning, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(3), 1048, doi:10.1029/2001GB001466, 2002a. |
| 14 | Langenfelds, R.L., P.B. Krummel, C.E. Allison, R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele, L.N. Cooper, D.E.J. Worthy, L. Huang, M. Ernst and A. Chivulescu, Intercomparison of MSC and CSIRO trace gas data from Alert and Estevan Point, Canadian Baseline Program Summary of Progress to 2002, Meteorological Service of Canada, 67-76, 2003a. |
| 15 | Langenfelds, R.L., R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele, B.L. Dunse, T.M. Butler, D.A. Spencer, L.M. Kivlighon and C.P. Meyer, Flask sampling from Cape Grim overflights, in Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1999-2000, edited by N.W. Tindale, N. Derek and P.J. Fraser, pp 73 - 75, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 2003b. |
| 16 | Langenfelds, R.L., M.V. van der Schoot, L.P. Steele, L.N. Cooper, D.A.Spencer and P.B. Krummel, Atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide from Cape Grim flask air samples analysed by gas chromatography. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 2001-2002, edited by J. Cainey, N. Derek, and P.B. Krummel, pp 46 - 47, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 2004. |
| 17 | Pak, B.C., R.L. Langenfelds, R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele and I. Simmonds, A climatology of trace gases from the Cape Grim overflights, 1992 - 1995, in Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1994-5, edited by R.J. Francey, A.L. Dick and N. Derek, pp 41 - 52, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1996. |
| 18 | Pak, B.C., Vertical structure of atmospheric trace gases over Southeast Australia, PhD Thesis, University of Melbourne, Australia, 273 pp. (available at the University of Melbourne ePrints Repository via http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/eprints/), 2000. |
| 19 | Pak, B. C., R.L. Langenfelds, S.A. Young, R.J. Francey, C.P. Meyer, L.M. Kivlighon, L.N. Cooper, B.L. Dunse, C.E. Allison, L.P. Steele, I.E. Galbally and I.A. Weeks, Measurements of biomass burning influences in the troposphere over southeast Australia during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8480, doi:10.1029/2002JD002343, 2003. |
| 20 | Steele, L.P., R.L. Langenfelds, M.P. Lucarelli, P.J. Fraser, L.N. Cooper, D.A. Spencer, S. Chea and K. Broadhurst. Atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrous oxide from Cape Grim flask air samples analysed by gas chromatography. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1994-95, edited by R.J. Francey, A.L. Dick and N. Derek, pp 107 - 110, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1996. |
| 21 | Bhattacharya, S.K., D.V. Borole, R.J. Francey, C.E. Allison, L.P. Steele, P. Krummel, R. Langenfelds, K.A. Masarie, Y.K. Tiwari and P.K. Patra, Trace gases and CO2 isotope records from Cabo de Rama, India, Current Science, 97, 9, 2009. |
| 22 | Cooper, L.N., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, D.A. Spencer and M.P. Lucarelli. Atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide from Cape Grim flask air samples analysed by gas chromatography. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1996, edited by J.L. Gras, N. Derek, N.W. Tindale and A.L. Dick, pp 98 - 102, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1999. |
| 23 | Francey, R.J., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds and B.C. Pak, High precision long-term monitoring of radiatively-active trace gases at surface sites and from ships and aircraft in the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere. J. Atmos. Science, 56, 279-285, 1999. |
| 24 | Francey, R.J., L.P. Steele, D.A. Spencer, R.L. Langenfelds, R.M. Law, P.B. Krummel, P.J. Fraser, D.M. Etheridge, N. Derek, S.A. Coram, L.N. Cooper, C.E. Allison, L. Porter and S. Baly, The CSIRO (Australia) measurement of greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere, report of the 11th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Related Tracer Measurement Techniques, Tokyo, Japan, September 2001, S.Toru and S. Kazuto (editors), World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch, 97-111, 2003. |
