In line with the GAW Data Policy, users should contact the contributors of all data of interest and propose co-authorship or acknowledgement.
Organization
| NO | 10 |
|---|---|
| Acronym | BMKG |
| Name | Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics |
| Address 1 | |
| Address 2 | |
| Address 3 | Jl. Angkasa I No.2 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta 10720 P.O. Box 3540 Jkt |
| Country/Territory | Indonesia |
| Website | http://bmkg.go.id |
Contact(s)
| Name | Okaem, Tanti Tritama |
|---|---|
| Prefix | Ms. |
| tantitritama@gmail.com | |
| Organization No | 10 |
| Organization acronym | BMKG |
| Organization name | Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics |
| Organization country/territory | Indonesia |
| Address 1 | |
| Address 2 | |
| Address 3 | Jl. Raya Bukittinggi-Medan Km. 17 Palupuh, District Agam, West Sumatera, Indonesia PO BOX 11 Bukittinggi 26100 |
| Country/territory | Indonesia |
| Tel | +62 752 7446089 |
| Fax | +62 752 7446449 |
| Last updated date | 2024-03-21 |
| Name | Nahas, Alberth Christian |
|---|---|
| Prefix | Mr. |
| alberth.christian@bmkg.go.id | |
| Organization No | 10 |
| Organization acronym | BMKG |
| Organization name | Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics |
| Organization country/territory | Indonesia |
| Address 1 | |
| Address 2 | |
| Address 3 | Jl. Raya Bukittinggi-Medan Km. 17 Palupuh, District Agam, West Sumatera, Indonesia PO BOX 11 Bukittinggi 26100 |
| Country/territory | Indonesia |
| Tel | +62 752 7446089 |
| Fax | +62 752 7446449 |
| Last updated date | 2024-03-21 |
| Name | Reza Mahdi |
|---|---|
| Prefix | |
| reza_elka@yahoo.com | |
| Organization No | 10 |
| Organization acronym | BMKG |
| Organization name | Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics |
| Organization country/territory | Indonesia |
| Address 1 | Stasiun Pemantau Atmosfer Global Bukit Kototabang |
| Address 2 | Jl Raya Bukittinggi-Medan Km 17 Palupuh |
| Address 3 | 26100, Bukittinggi |
| Country/territory | Indonesia |
| Tel | |
| Fax | |
| Last updated date | 2024-03-21 |
| Name | Arifin, Ikhsan Buyung |
|---|---|
| Prefix | |
| ikhsanarifin07@gmail.com | |
| Organization No | 10 |
| Organization acronym | BMKG |
| Organization name | Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics |
| Organization country/territory | Indonesia |
| Address 1 | Stasiun Pemantau Atmosfer Global Bukit Kototabang |
| Address 2 | Jl Raya Bukittinggi-Medan Km 17 Palupuh |
| Address 3 | 26100, Bukittinggi |
| Country/territory | Indonesia |
| Tel | +62 752 7446089 |
| Fax | +62 752 7446449 |
| Last updated date | 2024-03-21 |
| Name | Martin Steinbacher |
|---|---|
| Prefix | Dr. |
| martin.steinbacher@empa.ch | |
| Organization No | 23 |
| Organization acronym | Empa |
| Organization name | Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology |
| Organization country/territory | Switzerland |
| Address 1 | Ueberlandstrasse 129 |
| Address 2 | CH-8600 Duebendorf |
| Address 3 | Switzerland |
| Country/territory | Switzerland |
| Tel | +41 58 765 4048 |
| Fax | |
| Last updated date | 2024-05-28 |
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| Background observation | |||||||
| UTC+07:00 | |||||||
| ppb | |||||||
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2001-07-01 00:00:00 - 2018-12-31 23:59:59: WMO CO X2000 2019-01-01 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: WMO CO X2014A |
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1999-12-31 00:00:00 - 2007-10-31 23:59:59: TEI48C TL(NDIR) 2007-11-01 00:00:00 - 2018-12-31 23:53:59: Horiba APMA360, S/N 890617034(NDIR) 2019-01-01 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: G2401 CO2/CH4/CO/H2O analyzer from Picarro, Inc.(CRDS) |
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2001-07-20 00:00:00 - 2018-12-31 23:59:59: 10 (m) 2019-01-01 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: 32 (m) |
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| 1 minute | |||||||
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The TEI 48C TL is a correlation-filter wheel instrument that required frequent zero-checks (15 minutes every 2 hours) to correct for substantial zero drift. This was accomplished by switching the inlet to the ZERO gas position, to which a Sofnocat unit was connected. Occasionally (but very infrequently), manual span checks were conducted, whereby a zero check was followed by challenging the instrument with CO calibration gas with a mixing ratio around 1 ppm. In March 2004, the set-up was amended with a dilution unit (2 red-y MFCs, a separate zero-air unit (silica gel drying cartridges followed by a pump followed by Purafil and Sofnocat) and a span gas with mixing ratios between 10 and 50 ppm) that was configured to deliver a constant span gas concentration nominally around 400 ppb CO (see below for details). Subsequently, automatic zero/span checks were performed every 2 hours and consisted of 20 minutes zero followed by 10 minutes of span at the beginning of odd hours. Regular maintenance included changing the zero filter and periodically inspecting and cleaning the cell. Between 10 October, 2005, and 3 January, 2006, the instrument experienced electronic failure and was shut down. After repair and maintenance, it continued to operate until end of November 2007. Early November 2007, a refurbished Horiba APMA 360 was installed next to the TEI48C TL. Zero and span checks were performed similarly to the TEI setup but intervals were slightly relaxed due to the superior stability of the instruments. Zero and span checks were performed every 4 hours. All standard cylinders used were either prepared or purchased by WCC-Empa and were calibrated against the WMO-2000 scale. The instruments were audited several times by WCC-Empa. Audit reports are available at https://www.empa.ch/web/s503/wcc-empa. Calibrations are performed every 10 days with three calibration gases and checking 2 gases (working and target gas) every 2 days. From Feb 2019 until now three calibration gases and 2 gases (working gas dan target gas) prepared by the Central Calibration Laboratory (NOAA ESRL) were used for regular calibrations. |
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| Raw data were visually inspected and quality assessed prior to zero and span correction. The zero-correction is based on a non-parametric (loess) fitting algorithm to the zero readings obtained regularly by analysis of CO-free air (every 2 hours for 20 minutes). The column 'value_unc' indicates the standard uncertainty of the aggregated values, and does not consider measurement uncertainty. | |||||||
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[Hourly] Average of 5-minute values. No criterion for minimum data-availability was applied. From January 2015: averages of 1-minute values, at least 20 1-min values need to be available to compute hourly averages. [Daily] Average of 5-minute values. No criterion for minimum data-availability was applied. From January 2015: hourly averages are use to compute daily averages; at least 8 hourly averages need to be available to report daily averages. [Monthly] Average of 5-minute values. No criterion for minimum data-availability was applied. From January 2015: daily averages are use to compute monthly averages; at least 10 daily averages need to be available to report monthly averages. |
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| Only data considered as 'valid' are submitted. No background filtering is applied. Episodes of several days or weeks with strongly enhanced CO levels at the station (like in 2014 and 2015) are caused by large-scale biomass burning on Sumatra island. | |||||||
| Operational/Reporting | |||||||
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Instruments : A TEI48C TL instrument (S/N 66839-352) was installed by Empa in July 2001. The sample air is drawn from above the roof of the station through a 1/4" Teflon line (ca. 10 m) and is dried using a Peltier cooling element (Hamamatsu, DH-109) and a Nafion dryer (Permapure, PD-625-24PP) operated in reverse flow mode before it enters the instrument. The TEI48C TL was operated as a self-contained unit and measurement as well as auxiliary data (5-minute aggregates) were downloaded periodically from the internal data logger. Since November 2007, a Horiba APMA 360 analyzer (S/N 890617034) is used; 1-min averages are recorded with a custom-made data acquisition and stored in a database. All tubing is teflon, inlets are open-face, protected from the rain with an upside-down cup. Inlet filters are used to protect the instruments, and the ambient air is dried using a Nafion dryer. Scientific Aim : Assessment of air quality, background concentrations, long-range transport of air pollutants, climate change, source apportionment; occasionally, massive influence from biomass burning can lead to strongly elevated CO levels at the station. |
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Wind direction: Wind speed: Relative humidity: Precipitation amount: Air pressure: Air temperature: Dew point temperature: Sea water temperature: Sea surface water temperature: Sea water salinity: Sea surface water salinity: |
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Meteorological data may remain as first provided, even when greenhouse gas data are updated. |
No DOI available
Related information
| Format | Text (WDCGG Data Format Table, WDCGG Meteorological Data Format Table), NetCDF | ||||
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| Relation List (Is Part Of) |
All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2024-09-24 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2023-09-13 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2022-09-05 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2021-08-27 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2020-09-28 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2019-09-19 All CO data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2018-10-25 |
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| Geolocation Point |
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GAW Data Policy
"For Scientific purposes, access to these data is unlimited and provided without charge.
By their use you accept that an offer of co-authorship will be made through personal contact with the data providers
or owners whenever substantial use is made of their data.
In all cases, an acknowledgement must be made to the data providers or owners and to the data centre when these data are used within a publication."
Citation format
This format is an example of the WDCGG standard citation.
Please follow the citation format which the data providers or owners indicate.
Please follow the citation format which the data providers or owners indicate.
Okaem, Tanti Tritama (BMKG),
Nahas, Alberth Christian (BMKG),
Reza Mahdi (BMKG),
Arifin, Ikhsan Buyung (BMKG),
Martin Steinbacher (Empa),
Atmospheric CO
at Bukit Kototabang by Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics
,
dataset published as CO_BKT_
surface-insitu_BMKG_data1 at WDCGG,
ver. 2024-03-21-0700 (Reference date*: YYYY/MM/DD)
* As the reference date, please indicate the date you downloaded the files.
* As the reference date, please indicate the date you downloaded the files.
Reference(s)
| 1 | see https://www.bmkg.go.id/ and https://www.empa.ch/web/s503/global-atmosphere-watch |
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