What's new

 About WDCGG

 Introduction

 Activities

 History

 About GAW

 Manuals

 Contributor / User Manuals

 Glossary

 Metadata List

 Statistics

 Data (surface/mobile)

 Data Search

 Data Update Information

 Data (satellite)


 Current State of GHGs

 Publications

 WDCGG Guide

 WMO WDCGG Data Summary

 WMO GHG Bulletin

 Legacy

 Login

 User

 Contributor

 Registration

 User

 Contributor

 Policy

 GAW Data Policy

 WDCGG Privacy Policy

 WDCGG DOI Policy

 Link

 FAQ

Login to WDCGG as
N2O _ SPO7011 _ surface - flask _ CSIRO _ data1

 Data Policy

GAW Data Policy
"For Scientific purposes, access to these data is unlimited and provided without charge. By their use you accept that an offer of co-authorship will be made through personal contact with the data providers or owners whenever substantial use is made of their data. In all cases, an acknowledgement must be made to the data providers or owners and to the data centre when these data are used within a publication."

 Version

 2025-01-01-0016 (Last updated: 2024-12-18)

 File

This data set is submitted by CSIRO.

DL Gas Species Station/Mobile Organization Type Period Filename Size Plot
N2O South Pole CSIRO monthly 1992-01-01 00:00:00 - 2023-12-01 00:00:00 n2o_spo7011_surface-flask_16_9999-9999_monthly (Text: 0.09MB ; NetCDF: 0.12MB ) png
N2O South Pole CSIRO event 1991-03-01 02:02:00 - 2023-12-14 22:39:00 n2o_spo7011_surface-flask_16_9999-9999_event (Text: 0.27MB ; NetCDF: 0.35MB ) png

Text NetCDF

Download Data Files:


In line with the GAW Data Policy, users should contact the contributors of all data of interest and propose co-authorship or acknowledgement.


 Organization

NO 16
Acronym CSIRO
Name Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Address 1 CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions
Address 2 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Address 3 Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic, Australia 3195
Country/Territory Australia
Website https://research.csiro.au/acc/

 Contact(s)

Name Paul Krummel
Prefix Mr.
Email paul.krummel@csiro.au
Organization No 16
Organization acronym CSIRO
Organization name Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Organization country/territory Australia
Address 1 CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions
Address 2 107-121 Station Street Aspendale
Address 3 Victoria, 3195 Australia
Country/territory Australia
Tel (+613) 9239 4568
Fax (+613) 9239 4444
Last updated date 2025-01-21


Name Ray Langenfelds
Prefix Dr.
Email ray.langenfelds@csiro.au
Organization No 16
Organization acronym CSIRO
Organization name Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Organization country/territory Australia
Address 1 CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions
Address 2 107-121 Station Street Aspendale
Address 3 Victoria, 3195 Australia
Country/territory Australia
Tel (+613) 9239 4598
Fax (+613) 9239 4444
Last updated date 2024-08-13


Name Zoë Loh
Prefix Dr.
Email zoe.loh@csiro.au
Organization No 16
Organization acronym CSIRO
Organization name Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Organization country/territory Australia
Address 1 CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions
Address 2 107-121 Station Street Aspendale
Address 3 Victoria, 3195 Australia
Country/territory Australia
Tel (+613) 9239 4518
Fax (+613) 9239 4444
Last updated date 2024-07-02


Name Elise Guerette
Prefix
Email elise-andree.guerette@csiro.au
Organization No 16
Organization acronym CSIRO
Organization name Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Organization country/territory Australia
Address 1 CSIRO Environment - Climate, Atmosphere & Oceans Interactions
Address 2 107-121 Station Street Aspendale
Address 3 Victoria, 3195 Australia
Country/territory Australia
Tel (+613) 9239 4484
Fax (+613) 9239 4444
Last updated date 2024-07-02


 Background observation
 UTC
 ppb
 9999-12-31 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: WMO N2O X2006A
 9999-12-31 00:00:00 - 2021-10-26 23:59:59: Shimadzu gas chromatograph(Gas chromatography (ECD))
 2021-10-27 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: Agilent gas chromatograph(Gas chromatography (ECD))
 9999-12-31 00:00:00 - 9999-12-31 23:59:59: 10 (m)
 event
 Data are reported in the NOAA-2006A N2O scale (Hall et al., 2007; updates at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccl/n2o_scale.html). Stability of the CSIRO scale is monitored with ~30 high-pressure cylinder standards, with lifetimes of 10-20+ years. Further details of calibration and measurement uncertainty are given by Francey et al. (2003).
 Flask data are assigned flags to indicate whether they are classified as retained or rejected. Cause of rejection falls into three broad categories: (i) the sample is considered to be not representative of the atmosphere at the time and place of sampling due to identified or inferred sampling or analytical problems (eg. sample contamination, poor analysis), (ii) the sample is considered to be “non-baseline” as indicated by the meteorological conditions at the time of sampling and (iii) any remaining outliers are flagged on the basis of a 3-sigma filter (geographically fixed sites only). For completeness, all data are included here, regardless of whether they are retained or rejected. Please note that for routine “baseline” applications, any rejected data must be actively excluded from the provided data sets, while for “non-baseline” applications data flagged under categories (ii) and (iii) above may carry biogeochemical information (see DATA FORMAT section below). Also, further data selection may be desirable for those data sets that cannot be screened by the 3-sigma filter (e.g. AIA; aircraft).
 [Hourly]
 [Daily]
 [Monthly] Monthly means are calculated as the mean of daily values from a smooth curve fit to the baseline data (with flags "...") using the curve-fitting routines described by Thoning et al., JGR, 1989.
The std devs for the monthly means are calculated from the std dev of the monthly mean from the daily smooth curve values and the std dev of the residuals of each data point about the smooth curve for that month.
 flags: "..." indicates no flags, sample retained. Any entry other than "." in the first flag column indicates the sample is not representative of the time and place of sampling:
A = no sample taken
B = sample lost before analysis
C = identified sampling error
D = suspected sampling problem (eg. 2 or more species give anomalous values)
E = mixed samples (time/place not unique)
N = unacceptable analysis
* = no analysis data available
H = species-specific manually applied rejection flag
I = species-specific sample collection problem
J = irretrievable sample storage effect
. = not subject to any of the above flags

Any entry other than ""."" in the second flag column indicates the sample is non-baseline, rejected only on grounds of being an outlier or is excluded from this data set because of a non-standard sampling technique.
F = non-baseline meteorological conditions
G = marginal-baseline meteorological conditions
K = species-specific non-baseline meteorological conditions
L = species-specific marginal-baseline meteorological conditions
M = 3 sigma filter rejected
O = non-standard sampling technique
. = not subject to any of the above flags
 Operational/Reporting
 CSIRO GASLAB flask N2O data measured by Gas Chromatography (ECD)
 Wind direction:
 Wind speed:
 Relative humidity:
 Precipitation amount:
 Air pressure:
 Air temperature:
 Dew point temperature:
 Sea water temperature:
 Sea surface water temperature:
 Sea water salinity:
 Sea surface water salinity:
Meteorological data may remain as first provided, even when greenhouse gas data are updated.
 

 DOI Metadata

DOI
n2o_spo7011_surface-flask_16_9999-9999_monthly.nc 10.50849/WDCGG_0016-7011-1003-01-02-9999
n2o_spo7011_surface-flask_16_9999-9999_monthly.txt 10.50849/WDCGG_0016-7011-1003-01-02-9999
n2o_spo7011_surface-flask_16_9999-9999_event.nc 10.50849/WDCGG_0016-7011-1003-01-02-9999
n2o_spo7011_surface-flask_16_9999-9999_event.txt 10.50849/WDCGG_0016-7011-1003-01-02-9999
Version 2025-01-01-0016 (Data Version History)
* DOIs and file names may have multiple versions. Be sure to check the data version.
Title Atmospheric N2O at South Pole by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, dataset published as N2O_SPO7011_surface-flask_CSIRO_data1 at WDCGG
Creator Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Paul Krummel (CSIRO)
Ray Langenfelds (CSIRO)
Zoë Loh (CSIRO)
Elise Guerette (CSIRO)
Publisher World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases
Publication Date 2018-06-18 (Last Updated: 2024-12-18)
Format Text (WDCGG Data Format Table, WDCGG Meteorological Data Format Table), NetCDF
Relation List (Is Part Of) All N2O data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2024-09-24
All N2O data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2023-09-13
All N2O data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2022-09-05
All N2O data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2021-08-24
All N2O data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2020-09-28
All N2O data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2019-09-19
All N2O data contributed to WDCGG by GAW stations and mobiles by 2018-10-23
Geolocation Point
Latitude (north: +; south: -) -89.9969482422
Longitude (east: +; west: -) -24.7999992371

 GAW Data Policy

"For Scientific purposes, access to these data is unlimited and provided without charge. By their use you accept that an offer of co-authorship will be made through personal contact with the data providers or owners whenever substantial use is made of their data. In all cases, an acknowledgement must be made to the data providers or owners and to the data centre when these data are used within a publication."

 Citation format

This format is an example of the WDCGG standard citation.
Please follow the citation format which the data providers or owners indicate.
Paul Krummel (CSIRO), Ray Langenfelds (CSIRO), Zoë Loh (CSIRO), Elise Guerette (CSIRO), Atmospheric N2O at South Pole by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , dataset published as N2O_SPO7011_ surface-flask_CSIRO_data1 at WDCGG, ver. 2025-01-01-0016, https://doi.org/10.50849/WDCGG_0016-7011-1003-01-02-9999 (Reference date*: YYYY/MM/DD)

* As the reference date, please indicate the date you downloaded the files.

 Reference(s)

1  Langenfelds, R.L., P.B. Krummel, C.E. Allison, R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele, L.N. Cooper, D.E.J. Worthy, L. Huang, M. Ernst and A. Chivulescu, Intercomparison of MSC and CSIRO trace gas data from Alert and Estevan Point, Canadian Baseline Program Summary of Progress to 2002, Meteorological Service of Canada, 67-76, 2003a.
2  Francey, R.J., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds and B.C. Pak, High precision long-term monitoring of radiatively-active trace gases at surface sites and from ships and aircraft in the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere. J. Atmos. Science, 56, 279-285, 1999.
3  Bhattacharya, S.K., D.V. Borole, R.J. Francey, C.E. Allison, L.P. Steele, P. Krummel, R. Langenfelds, K.A. Masarie, Y.K. Tiwari and P.K. Patra, Trace gases and CO2 isotope records from Cabo de Rama, India, Current Science, 97, 9, 2009.
4  Huang, J., A. Golombek, R. Prinn, R. Weiss, P. Fraser, P. Simmonds, E.J. Dlugokencky, B. Hall, J. Elkins, P. Steele, R. Langenfelds, P. Krummel, G. Dutton and L. Porter, Estimation of regional emissions of nitrous oxide from 1997 to 2005 using multinetwork measurements, a chemical transport model, and an inverse method, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17313, doi:10.1029/2007JD009381, 2008.
5  Langenfelds, R.L., L.N. Cooper, L.P. Steele, D.A. Spencer, P.B. Krummel and P.J. Fraser. Atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide from Cape Grim flask air samples analysed by gas chromatography. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1997-98, edited by N.W. Tindale, N. Derek, and R.J. Francey, pp 69 - 74, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 2001a.
6  Langenfelds, R.L., R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele, D.A. Spencer and B.L. Dunse, Flask sampling from Cape Grim overflights, in Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1997-98, edited by N.W. Tindale, N. Derek and R.J. Francey, pp 74 - 84, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 2001b.
7  Langenfelds, R.L., Studies of the global carbon cycle using atmospheric oxygen and associated tracers, PhD thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, 320 pp., 2002.
8  Francey, R.J., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, M.P. Lucarelli, C.E. Allison, D.J. Beardsmore, S.A. Coram, N. Derek, F.R. de Silva, D.M. Etheridge, P.J. Fraser, R.J. Henry, B. Turner, E.D. Welch, D.A. Spencer and L.N. Cooper. Global Atmospheric Sampling Laboratory (GASLAB): supporting and extending the Cape Grim trace gas programs. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1993, edited by R.J. Francey, A.L. Dick and N. Derek, pp 8 - 29, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1996.
9  Hall, B. D., G. S. Dutton, and J. W. Elkins, The NOAA nitrous oxide standard scale for atmospheric observations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D09305, doi:10.1029/2006JD007954, 2007.
10  Hall, B. D., A. Engel, J. Muhle, J. W. Elkins, F. Artuso, E. Atlas, M. Aydin, D. Blake, E. Brunke, S. Chiavarini, P. J. Fraser, J. Happell, P. B. Krummel, I. Levin, M. Loewenstein, M. Maione, S. A. Montzka, S. O'Doherty, S. Reimann, J. Rhoderick, E. Saltzman, H. E. Scheel, L. P. Steele, M. Vollmer, R. Weiss, D. Worthy and Y. Yokouchi, Results from the International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 469-490, doi:10.5194/amt-7-469-2014, 2014.
11  Ishijima, K., P.K. Patra, M. Takigawa, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, Y. Sawa, L.P. Steele, P.B. Krummel, R.L. Langenfelds, S. Aoki and T. Nakazawa, Stratospheric influence on the seasonal cycle of nitrous oxide in the troposphere as deduced from aircraft observations and model simulations , J. Geophys. Res., 115, D20308, doi:10.1029/2009JD013322, 2010.
12  Langenfelds, R.L., R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele, P.J. Fraser, S.A. Coram, M.R. Hayes, D.J. Beardsmore, M.P. Lucarelli, and F.R. de Silva, Improved vertical sampling of the trace gas composition of the troposphere above Cape Grim since 1991, in Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1993, edited by R.J. Francey, A.L. Dick and N. Derek, pp 45-56, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1996.
13  Pak, B.C., Vertical structure of atmospheric trace gases over Southeast Australia, PhD Thesis, University of Melbourne, Australia, 273 pp. (available at the University of Melbourne ePrints Repository via http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/eprints/), 2000.
14  Langenfelds, R.L., R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele, B.L. Dunse, T.M. Butler, D.A. Spencer, L.M. Kivlighon and C.P. Meyer, Flask sampling from Cape Grim overflights, in Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1999-2000, edited by N.W. Tindale, N. Derek and P.J. Fraser, pp 73 - 75, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 2003b.
15  Langenfelds, R.L., M.V. van der Schoot, L.P. Steele, L.N. Cooper, D.A.Spencer and P.B. Krummel, Atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide from Cape Grim flask air samples analysed by gas chromatography. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 2001-2002, edited by J. Cainey, N. Derek, and P.B. Krummel, pp 46 - 47, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 2004.
16  Nevison, C.D., E. Dlugokencky, G. Dutton, J.W. Elkins, P. Fraser, B. Hall, P.B. Krummel, R.L. Langenfelds, S. O'Doherty, R.G. Prinn, L.P. Steele & R.F. Weiss, Exploring causes of interannual variability in the seasonal cycles of tropospheric nitrous oxide, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, doi:10.5194/acp-11-1-2011, 1-18, 2011.
17  Pak, B.C., R.L. Langenfelds, R.J. Francey, L.P. Steele and I. Simmonds, A climatology of trace gases from the Cape Grim overflights, 1992 - 1995, in Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1994-5, edited by R.J. Francey, A.L. Dick and N. Derek, pp 41 - 52, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1996.
18  Pak, B. C., R.L. Langenfelds, S.A. Young, R.J. Francey, C.P. Meyer, L.M. Kivlighon, L.N. Cooper, B.L. Dunse, C.E. Allison, L.P. Steele, I.E. Galbally and I.A. Weeks, Measurements of biomass burning influences in the troposphere over southeast Australia during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8480, doi:10.1029/2002JD002343, 2003.
19  Saikawa, E., R. G. Prinn, E. Dlugokencky, K. Ishijima, G. S. Dutton, B. D. Hall, R. L. Langenfelds, Y. Tohjima, T. Machida, M. Manizza, M. Rigby, S. O'Doherty, P. K. Patra, C. M. Harth, R. F. Weiss, P. B. Krummel, M. van der Schoot, P. J. Fraser, L. P. Steele, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, and J. W. Elkins, Global and regional emissions estimates for N2O, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4617-4641, doi:10.5194/acp-14-4617-2014, 2014.
20  Steele, L.P., R.L. Langenfelds, M.P. Lucarelli, P.J. Fraser, L.N. Cooper, D.A. Spencer, S. Chea and K. Broadhurst. Atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrous oxide from Cape Grim flask air samples analysed by gas chromatography. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1994-95, edited by R.J. Francey, A.L. Dick and N. Derek, pp 107 - 110, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1996.
21  Sturm, P., M. Leuenberger, C. Sirignano, R. E. M. Neubert, H. A. J. Meijer, R. Langenfelds, W. A. Brand and Y. Tohjima, Permeation of atmospheric gases through polymer O-rings used in flasks for air sampling, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04309, doi:10.1029.2003JD004073, 2004.
22  Thompson, R. L., E. Dlugokencky, F. Chevallier, P. Ciais, G. Dutton, J. W. Elkins, R. L. Langenfelds, R. G. Prinn, R. F. Weiss, Y. Tohjima, P. B. Krummel, L. P. Steele, and P. J. Fraser, Inter-annual variability in tropospheric nitrous oxide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4426-4431, doi:10.1002/grl.50721, 2013.
23  Thompson, R. L., F. Chevallier, A. M. Crotwell, G. Dutton, R. L. Langenfelds, R. G. Prinn, R. F. Weiss, Y. Tohjima, T. Nakazawa, P. B. Krummel, L. P. Steele, P. J. Fraser, S. O'Doherty, K. Ishijima, and S. Aoki, Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 - 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1801-1817, doi:10.5194/acp-14-1801-2014, 2014.
24  Thompson, R. L., P. K. Patra, K. Ishijima, E. Saikawa, M. Corazza, U. Karstens, C. Wilson, P. Bergamaschi, E. Dlugokencky, C. Sweeney, R. G. Prinn, R. F. Weiss, S. O'Doherty, P. J. Fraser, L. P. Steele, P. B. Krummel, M. Saunois, M. Chipperfield, and P. Bousquet, TransCom N2O model inter-comparison - Part 1: Assessing the influence of transport and surface fluxes on tropospheric N2O variability, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4349-4368, doi:10.5194/acp-14-4349-2014, 2014.
25  Thoning, K.W., P.P. Tans and W.D. Komhyr, Atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory, 2, Analysis of the NOAA/GMCC data, 1974 - 1985, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8549-8565, 1989.
26  Cooper, L.N., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, D.A. Spencer and M.P. Lucarelli. Atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide from Cape Grim flask air samples analysed by gas chromatography. Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1996, edited by J.L. Gras, N. Derek, N.W. Tindale and A.L. Dick, pp 98 - 102, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 1999.
27  Francey, R.J., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, C.E. Allison, L.N. Cooper. B.L. Dunse, B.G. Bell, T.D. Murray, H.S. Tait, L. Thompson and K.A. Masarie. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and its isotopes, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and hydrogen from Shetland. Atmos. Environ., 32, 3331-3338, 1998.
28  Francey, R.J., L.P. Steele, D.A. Spencer, R.L. Langenfelds, R.M. Law, P.B. Krummel, P.J. Fraser, D.M. Etheridge, N. Derek, S.A. Coram, L.N. Cooper, C.E. Allison, L. Porter and S. Baly, The CSIRO (Australia) measurement of greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere, report of the 11th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Related Tracer Measurement Techniques, Tokyo, Japan, September 2001, S.Toru and S. Kazuto (editors), World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch, 97-111, 2003.
29  Thompson, R. L., K. Ishijima, E. Saikawa, M. Corazza, U. Karstens, P. K. Patra, P. Bergamaschi, F. Chevallier, E. Dlugokencky, R. G. Prinn, R. F. Weiss, S. O'Doherty, P. J. Fraser, L. P. Steele, P. B. Krummel, A. Vermeulen, Y. Tohjima, A. Jordan, L. Haszpra, M. Steinbacher, S. Van der Laan, T. Aalto, F. Meinhardt, M. E. Popa, J. Moncrieff, and P. Bousquet, TransCom N2O model inter-comparison Part II: Atmospheric inversion estimates of N2O emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6177-6194, doi:10.5194/acp-14-6177-2014, 2014.